It is home to the largest concentration of greater prairie chickens in Wisconsin and represents one of the most extensive grasslands east of the Mississippi River. In the mid-1950s, a successful partnership among the department, Dane County Conservation League and the Society of Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnatus was created to purchase land specifically for the management of grassland habitat for the greater prairie chicken, a state threatened species in Wisconsin, and other grassland-dependent species. In the early 1900s, it was drained for agricultural purposes. This area was formerly a marsh dominated by tamarack, black spruce and cattails. Several state natural areas are found within the borders of the property including the Buena Vista Quarry Prairie and the Buena Vista Prairie Chicken Meadow. In 2006, it was designated as an Important Bird Area by the Wisconsin Bird Conservation Partnership. The area is predominately grassland with some woodland. Buena Vista Wildlife Area consists of scattered parcels 10 miles east of Wisconsin Rapids and 4 miles south of Plover. Buena Vista Wildlife Area is a 12,700-acre property located in southwestern Portage County.
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